Process for cracking hydrocarbon oils



Feb. 2, 1932. G. EGLOFF PROCESS FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS Original Filed June 50. 1920 .w v @V Bu m H Patented Feb. 2, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT ormcs I GUSTAV EGLOFF, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,;:ASSIGNOR T0 univnnsAr. on. ,rnonuc'rs- COMPANY, or oHIoAeo; ILLINOIS, A ooRronA'r onor sou'rn nAxo'rA rnoonss non enAo memnooAnnoir 15s? Application filed June '30, 1920, Serialno. 393,099. Renewed March 2451927.

each succeeding still is maintained at a" higher temperature and pressure than the preceding still of the battery for the pur-.

.pose of cracking heavy hydrocarbon oils producing light oils therefrom; to provide a process of ascending temperatures and pres sure in a battery of'pressure stills and divert-,

-- ing the dephlegmated oil from the still in which it was generated to the next onein the battery maintained at a higher temperature and pressure than the preceding still of the battery; to provide a process of cracking hydrocarbon oils to produce light oils therefrom by means ofan ascending temperature and pressure and diverting the residuum oil of one still to the next still of the battery which is maintained at a higher temperature and pressure than the preceding still of the battery; to provide a process of an ascending temperature and pressure distillation of heavy hydrocarbon oils to produce gasoline or light oils threfrom, to-inject untreated hydrocarbon oil into each still of the battery maintained at a higher temperature and pressure than the preceding still of the battery; to provide a process of an ascending temperature and pressure in a battery of continuous pressure stills mixing the dephle mated oil, residuum and untreated hydrocarbon oil and pumping-the mixture to the next succeeding still of the battery maintained at a higher temperature and pressure than the preced. ing still of the battery; to provide a process of an ascending temperature and pressure distillation of heavy hydrocarbons to produce gasoline or light oils therefrom in which the temperature conditions are higher from still to still of the battery of pressure stills and subjecting the dephlegmated oil and residuum of the previous still to a higher temperature than the one they were subjected to in the previous still whereby the velocity of cracking increased; to provide an apparatus of a H battery of pressure stills-l interconnected with one another so that the dephlegmated oil, residuum and untreated oil is pumped to of the battery of high pressure the next still stills. y

The single figure of the drawing shows a View, partly perspective, and partly in elevation and partly in dotted lines, of my im' proved apparatus. A description of ing is as follows: I

Referring to the drawing, 1,2, 3 and 4 are the apparatus as per drawfurnaces in which the burners 5, 6,7 and 8 are placed, attachedtoa source of fuel supply 9, controlled by valve '10 in header line 11.; High pressure stills 12, 13, 14 and 15 are set 'in furnaces 1, 2, 3 and 4'. Vapor lines 16, 17, .18 and 19 attached .to'stills12, 13,14 and 15 are connected with dephlegmatorsQO, 21',- 22 and 23 in which are set baflie plates 24,- 25, 26 and 27. Conduits 28, 29, 30 and 31 are attached to dephlegmators 20, 21, 22 and 23 and connectedwith coil condensers 36, 37, 38 and 39 set within water condenser boxes 32,

34 and 35: Pressure gauges 40, 41, 42 and,

43' are connected with receivers 44, 45, 46' and 47.

Pressure distillate is run via pipe 48 con trolled by valve 49 and connections 50 to storage tank. Similar equipment being attached to receivers 44, 45, 46. Uncondensable gas pressure control valves- 51, 52, 53 and 54 are shown connected to the top of receivers 44,

45, 46 and 47. A raw oil pump 55 connected I with storage tank not shown, pumps oil by way of pipe '56 controlled by' valve 57 into still 12 by way of connection 58. 62, 63 and i 64 are deflectors for the dephlegmated oil condensates separated from the vapors in dephlegmators 20, 21 and 22 so that the condensed liquid will pass by way of pipes 65,

66 and 67 controlled by valves 68, 69 and 70 to pumps 80, 81 and 82, which at the same time draw residuum oil out of the stills 12, 13, 14 by means of pipes 71, 72 and 73 having valves 74, 75 and 76 connected therein. At the same time raw oil is drawn from storage tank controlled by valves 77, 78 and 79, pumps in one stream dephlegmated oil, residuum and raw. oil into stills 13, 14 and 15 through connections 59,60 and 61. 83 is the final residuum draw off pipe from still 15 of the battery and is controlled by valve 84, with connection 85, which may either 0 to storage tank or coking still in which, y reduction of pressure, more distillate oil may be taken 01f the residuum, than by means of the last still in thebattery of high pressure stills.

A typical mode of operation of this process and apparatus is to char e stills 12, 13, 14 and 15 with relatively heavy ydrocarbon oil such as a midcontinent gas oil of 31.0 Baum gravity by means of pumps 55, 80,181 and 82.

When the high pressure stills are charged to approximately 70 percent of their capacity the uncondensable gas valves 51, 52, 53 and 54 are closed. The pressure distillate valves '50 on receivers 14, 45, 46 and 47 are also closed. Dephlegmated oil valves 68, 69 and 70 are closed as also are residuum valves 74 75 and,76., Burners 5, 6, 7 and 8 are ignite.

and self-generated hydrocarbon vapor pressure built up on stills 12, 13,14 and 15 to the uncondensable gas valves 51,52, 53 sham. A typical series of liquid. temperatures and pressures upon stills 12, 13, 14 and 15 when using aimidcontinent gas oil of 310 Baum gravity, are; upon still 12 a pressure of 80 pounds per square inch withthe liquid temperature of 710 degrees F uponstill 13, 100

- pounds pressure per square nch, liquid tempcrature' of 730 degrees F.; upon still 14, 120 pounds pressure per square inch and 750 degrees E; and upon still 15 a pressure of 140 poundspres'sure per square ,inch'and 77 degrees F.- When pressure distillation 1 8;

ta'kingplace in the of the battery the dc phlegmated .oil is ,run back through vapor lines 16', 17, and, 18,'valves 68,69'and70 are opened, as'well as :the residuum valves 74; 75 and 76 connected to stills12, 13 and 14 by means of pipes 71, 72 and 73." Puui s 80, 81.and 82 are started and draw theresi um and dephlegmated oils of stills 12, l3 and 1d and at the-same time pump untreated oil through valves 77, 7 8 and 7 9 so that the three streams of dephlegmated oil, residuum and untreated oil are pumped stills 13, 14

r and 15.

By this-process and apparatus a typical run upon 'gi midcontinent gas oil'of 31.0 Baum gravity produced percent of a pressure distillate oil of an average gravity of 52.0 Baum containing 62 percent of a 58.0 Baum gravity gasoline calculated on the basis of raw oil treated 40 percent of 58.0

B'aum gravity gasoline and 17 percent of 405 Baum gravity kerosene.

I do not limit myself to a horizontal battery of high pressure stills in my process. I believe it comes within the scope of my invention to include a battery of vertical stills of the shell type or tubular type, and I also believe that my invention covers pipe stills of either horizontal or vertical character, of

to produce lighter hydrocarbons therefrom,

reflux condensate eralted m one st' a continuous character or connected to headers. v V

I claim as In invention: g 1. A process or cracking hydrocarbon oils from, consistmguiln passing the oils through V a series of crac g zones, the oil inthe succeedingzones being subjected to a higher pressure and temperature than in the preceding zones, taking off vapors from each zone, subjecting them to reflux condensing action and returning the reflux condensate formed by the condensing action of the vapors evolved in one of said zones to a cracking zone of in creasing pressure and temperature, and continuously supplying fresh oil to said cracking 7 zones with the reflux condensate and drawing off the residue therefrom. v

3. A process of cracking hydrocarbon oils, consisting in passing oil through a'series of stills, in maintaining a different tempera ture and pressure in each still, in ta-kin 01f vapors from each still, in subjecting sai va-. 'pors to reflux condensation, in returning the' to a succeeding still-of 'adifie'renttemperature and pressure, and in addiug raw oil tothe reflux condensate in troduced toeach stilL' T GUSTAV EGLOFF.

produced'irom vapors geri- 

